Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Contemporary Intervention Techhnique inTreatment of Mental Illnesses: A Review

Abstract

Mental Illnesses (MI) is characterized by disruption of cognitive functioning, emotional regulation, and behavioural pattern in an individual. These symptoms causes substantial distress andimpairment in key areas of functioning. MI affects millions globally and it significantly impactstheir quality of life, and many among those who seek treatment do not achieve remission withcurrent treatments and standard interventions. Therefore, there is a critical need for novel andeffective approaches to improve outcomes in the management of MI. A contemporary technique inthe field of MI treatment is the application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Recent research has indicated that tDCS can be a promising non-invasive brain stimulationtechnique in psychiatry, with applications in major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, obsessivecompulsive disorder, substance use disorders and as a promising avenue for cognitiveenhancement. We will discuss the current knowledge regarding the efficacy, safety, and potential mechanisms of action of tDCS in the treatment of MI which might help pave way for thedevelopment of personalized and targeted interventions to improve outcomes for individuals withMI.