Indian Journal of Psychology & Education
Submit paper now! Indian Journal of Psychology and Education (IJPE) is biannual (January and July) peer reviewed/refereed journal devoted primarily to Psychology and Education. IJPE prefers to publish empirical data based research papers however it also considers for publication review based theoretical papers, case studies and papers based on meta-analysis with significant potential for application. The contributors can mail the soft copies of the paper prepared as per APA style or can submit a hard copy along with a soft copy in CD. Online paper submission facility is also available (Submit your paper ) Brief reports, book reviews and letters to the editor are also published. IJPE (ISSN 2231-1432) is Indexed in Indian Citation Index
Reviewing the text “Clinical Psychology: An Introduction” by Radhey Shyam and Aaliya Akhtar turned out to be gratifying experience. Being a Professor of Clinical Psychology with years spent in hospitals and classrooms, I undertook this task with the great sense of responsibility. This book comes at a time when discipline of mental health education and practice is undergoing transformation both in terms of expectations and practice in Indian context. I feel pleased to report that this book gives an invaluable contribution to the contemporary psychology education as a comprehensive and contextually relevant resource for all learners in psychology. It is a meaningful addition to the bibliography of psychology.
Effect of Academic Streams, Gender and Locale on Academic Stress and Emotional Maturity among Adolescents
Adolescence is a critical developmental period often characterized by heightened academic demands and emotional struggles. Adolescence, a transitory phase marked by fast emotional, social, and cognitive changes, during which academic demands often become a major source of stress. Academic stress and emotional maturity are key psychological factors that impact adolescents’ academic success and well-being. In view of this, an attempt is made to study the effects of type of streams (e.g., professional and non-professional), gender (boys and girls), and locale (rural and urban) on academic stress and emotional maturity among adolescents. For this purpose, a 2X2X2 factorial design was adopted for the present study. The sample consisted of 240 subjects with in the age range of 15-18 years from various senior secondary schools from Faridabad district, with equal numbers across professional and non-professional streams, genders, and locations. Scale for Assessing Academic Stress and Emotional Maturity scale were used. Further, the data was analyzed by using ANOVA. The results indicated that types of stream, gender and locale had a significant effect on academic stress and emotional maturity.
Childhood Trauma, Self-Esteem, and HEXACO Personality Dimensions as Predictors of Fear and Fragility of Happiness
Conceptions of happiness have real-life consequences and are associated with well-being. The study aimed to examine whether childhood trauma, self-esteem, personality predicted fear and fragility of happiness. A convenient sample of 332 college students aged 18-25 completed self-report measures of fear of happiness, fragility of happiness, childhood trauma, self-esteem, and HEXACO personality dimensions. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that self-esteem and honesty-humility dimension of personality negatively predicted fear of happiness. Gender did not predict fear or fragility of happiness. Further, childhood trauma positively and self-esteem negatively predicted fragility of happiness. This study provides support that childhood trauma has long lasting effects extending to adulthood. Self-esteem may have implications for happiness and wellbeing. Future research may focus on factors beyond personality that are associated with conceptions of happiness like fear and fragility of happiness.
Internet Use, Impulsivity and Loneliness among School Going Adolescents
The growth of technology and internet use among adolescents has been rapid and transformative, significantly shaping their social, educational, and personal lives. The online connectivity provides opportunities for creativity, access to information, and global communication. It also poses risks such as cyberbullying, addiction, mental health issues, and a decline in face-to-face social interactions. The present article is an attempt to examine the correlates of internet use among tribal and non-tribal boys and girls of Tripura. It also tries to examine gender and community differences in the level of internet use, impulsivity and loneliness among the school going adolescents of Tripura. The sample consisted of 1200 adolescents belonging to the age group of 15- 18 years. For data collection Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (Patton et al., 1995) and R-UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1980) were used. Results indicated that boys and girls differ significantly with respect to their internet use, impulsivity and loneliness. Further tribal and non-tribal adolescents differ in the level of internet use and impulsivity. The results also depicted that internet use of adolescents significantly correlates with their impulsivity and loneliness.
A Study on War-Induced Anxiety, Peace Attitude, and Psychological Well-Being of the Fathers of the Civilian Working Population and Fathers of Officers in the Armed Forces
The impact of war and armed conflict is not only witnessed on the battlefield, but it also seems to affect the psychological health of the families.The study in hand explored War Induced Anxiety, Peace Attitude and Psychological Well Being of a sample of 70 fathers of civilian working population and fathers of officers in the armed forces, respectively. Standardized measures of War Related Stress, Peace Attitude and Psychological Well Being were administered.Results indicated that fathers of officers in the armed forces had significantly higher War Induced Anxiety than fathers of the civilian working population. They also demonstrated stronger Peace Attitude and higher Psychological Well-Being as compared to the fathers of the civilian working population. The study seems to contribute to a growing body of research around peace psychology, family mental health, and support systems for defence families.
Emotional Intelligence and Adjustment among School Teachers: A correlational study
In the present scenario of teaching organizations some issues are very important like adjustment and Emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence plays an important role in healthy adjustment of teachers in their organizations. Poor work environment can increase the health related problems of school teachers. Adjustment of teachers can be affected because of poor emotional intelligence. School teachers are facing different kinds of adjustment related problems like occupational, social, and emotional and sex related problems. Considering all these the present study planned with the objective to examine the relationship of emotional intelligence with adjustment of school teachers. A sample of 180 school teacher from Haryana was administered Mangal Emotional Intelligence Scale and Global Adjustment Scale. The results were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment method of correlation. Results revealed that emotional, family; health and sexual adjustment are significantly associated with emotional intelligence.Findings are discussed in the light of previous studies.
Effectiveness of an Indian Sign Language–Adapted Psychological First Aid Intervention on the Well-Being of Deaf Adults in India
The deaf community in India experience chronic barriers to mental health support due to limited access to services in Indian Sign Language (ISL). Psychological First Aid (PFA) is an evidence-informed, early psychosocial intervention that emphasizes safety, empathy, and coping, yet its effectiveness with deaf populations remains insufficiently examined. The present study investigated the impact of an ISL-adapted PFA training on the well-being of deaf adults. A quasi-experimental pretest–post-test control group design was used with 102 deaf participants (experimental group = 51; control group = 51). The experimental group participated in a week-long PFA training delivered entirely in ISL, while the control group received regular training. Well-being outcomes were assessed using the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC-SF), measuring emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Results indicated statistically significant improvements in overall mental health and across all three well-being domains (social, emotional and psychological) for the experimental group, with no significant changes observed in the control group, except in social wellbeing. Thematic analysis of voluntary ISL video feedback further confirmed improvements in emotional regulation, self-efficacy, sense of belonging, and peer support. The findings suggest that culturally and linguistically adapted PFA can effectively enhance well-being among deaf adults, with important implications for inclusive mental health practice, deaf education, and community-based psychosocial interventions.
Freedom Within Causality: A Defence of Situated Agency in the Determinism and Compatibilism Debate
The question of whether human beings possess ‘Free Will’ remains one of the most persistent and influential philosophical debates. Determinism asserts that all events, including human decisions, are the necessary consequences of prior conditions. Libertarian theories claim that humans possess the ability to originate actions independently of causal chains. Compatibilism attempts to reconcile these competing frameworks by redefining ‘Free Will’ in a manner that does not conflict with determinism. This paper builds upon compatibilist reasoning and interdisciplinary developments in embodied cognition, phenomenology, and neuroscience to propose a new conceptual model of autonomy. The core argument is that human beings cannot control the biological, environmental, and historical conditions they inherit or encounter, yet retain meaningful agency in how they interpret, evaluate, and respond to those conditions. The paper calls this capacity ‘Situated Agency’ and defines it as a layered form of autonomy grounded in reflection, embodied cognition, and reasons-responsiveness. Situated agency accounts for unconscious neural processes identified in empirical research while also preserving agency as described in phenomenological analyses of reflection and experiential ownership. The result is a synthesis in which human freedom remains coherent within a causally determined world.
Jātaka Kathā and Personality Development: Bridging Narrative Tradition with Psychological and Educational Perspectives
Jātaka Kathā, narratives recounting the Buddha’s previous lives, have historically been used to convey moral lessons and ethical principles. This paper examines their psychological and educational relevance for fostering personality development. Using a secondary data approach, canonical texts, scholarly analyses, and research in narrative psychology and moral education were synthesized. The study highlights how these narratives, through creative exaggeration, symbolic representation, and repeated modeling of virtues (Pāramitās), support moral reasoning, empathy, self-regulation, and prosocial behavior. Addressing criticisms that Jātaka Kathā are unscientific, the paper demonstrates that their imaginative and exaggerated elements are pedagogically and psychologically purposeful, enhancing engagement and moral internalization. Implications for education suggest that integrating these narratives can cultivate ethical, reflective, and socially responsible individuals, providing a culturally grounded framework for contemporary character development.
Increased Screen Time and Digital Fatigue among Students: A Study
The rapid integration of digital technologies into daily routines has significantly increased screen exposure among students, particularly following the shift to online and blended learning environments during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study synthesizes recent evidence on student screen use and its consequences for everyday life, with emphasis on mental health, sleep, academic outcomes, and psychosocial well-being. Drawing on peer-reviewed studies, guidelines, and meta-analyses, it was found that average screen time among school and university students commonly exceeds recommended limits which results in poor physical and mental health including sleep disturbances and reduced academic performances.Since smartphones are the devices, students turn to most often for activities like social media and entertainment, the study highlights the need for practical policy measures that can address the issue.
Qualitative Analysis of Participatory Rural Appraisal and Rapid Rural Appraisal Responses: In Special reference to Tribal tradition ‘Moutana’ in TSP area of Udaipur district Rajasthan
Tribal being the important segment of the whole population is also well known for their unique lifestyles, traditional practices and forest based civilization. Tribal individuals represent unique characteristics and wonderful skills which make them the ambassadors of traditional and ancient wisdom practices. With the constant government efforts they are connected with the mainstream. This very promising picture has some dark aspects also. Some traditions have now transformed onto the vicious medium of social evil. One of such peculiar tribal tradition is mautana which is prevalent in the TSP area of the southern Rajasthan. The study was aimed at understanding the psychosocial impact of tribal tradition Mautana among rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisal responses by qualitative analysis methodology. Snowball sampling method was used to find out the hidden population of families affected by mautana and who were migrated to the other places. Qualitative analysis method using Dialogical narrative analysis was done to compare the Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal. Analysis of PRA and RRA responses indicates that there is a major discrepancy among both types of responses.
Study of Academic Stress through Descriptive Phenomenological Analysis
Present research highlights the characteristics, determinants, and preventive measures of academic stress which relate to various contextual and personal factors of students. To identify these factors, in-depth open-ended interviews of 63 PG students were conducted after asking three questions about characteristics, determinants, and preventive measures of academic stress. In-depth interviews were conducted in 11 groups of students (5-6 students in each group). Students were asked to discuss their conscious experiences about these questions e.g. what they think, feel, observe and suggest? They transcribed their experiences after consensus in their respective subgroup. Accordingly, responses of all groups were gathered and considered for analysis and interpretation. Descriptive phenomenological qualitative approach was used for interpretation. Firstly, all responses are arranged in order in view of their frequencies. Responses with highest frequencies are placed at the top of order which indicate the most considered characteristics and determinants, and suggested preventive measures. Here, pertinent characteristics are found anxiety, procrastination, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, social isolation, fear of failure, lack of concentration, inferiority complex, low self-esteem and overthinking. Determinants are summarised in terms of expectations of family and society, peer and social pressure, poor academic facilities, social comparison, procrastination, lack of proper guidance, family environment, personality traits, and exam patterns. Relevant preventive measures are suggested in terms of proper guidance, favourable environment, yoga, meditation, exercise, support to mental health, sufficient academic resources, recreational activities, to provide the emotional support, health interaction between students and teachers, and inclusion of co-curricular activities. Findings of present study can be used for assessment and handling of academic stress. However, study is conducted on small sample and not included various other relevant factors which could influence the academic stress.
Neurobiological Consequences of Digital Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of Structural and Functional Brain Changes Associated with Constant Connectivity
The extensive implementation of digital technology in contemporary life introduces the concept of digital burnout, which refers to continuous psychological exhaustion resulting from persistent digital connectivity. This meta-analysis integrates empirical evidence between the years 2000 and 2025 to observe the neurobiological basis of digital burnout through changes in structural and functional brain anatomy. Through a systematic review, 42 neuroimaging studies with a total of approximately 18,425 participants showed consistent patterns of neural reorganization. Principal findings include reduced gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala; diminished white matter integrity in tracts related to executive function and emotional regulation; altered functional connectivity within the default mode, salience, and reward networks; and dysregulation of dopaminergic and stress-response systems. Studies by Blix, Perski, Berglund, and Savic (2013) reported volumetric reductions in the caudate nucleus and putamen associated with chronic occupational stress, while Hutton, Dudley, Horowitz-Kraus, DeWitt, and Holland (2020) identified decreased white matter microstructural integrity in preschool children with elevated screen exposure. These neurobiological changes are associated with impaired attention span, executive dysfunction, emotional dysregulation, and heightened stress reactivity. A core assertion of the review is the bidirectional interaction between excessive technological use and neural adaptation, which suggests that long-term digital engagement may reshape brain architecture in such a way that it encourages further dependency and simultaneously diminishes cognitive control. Clinical intervention, educational policy, and strategies regarding digital wellness are discussed.
Perceived Social Support, Self-Regulation & Self Esteem among Adolescent School Goers
The present study examined the relationship between perceived social support, self-esteem, and self-regulation in Indian adolescents, with a particular focus on gender differences. A sample of 100 adolescents (aged 15-18 years) in Government schools was used, and they completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), and the Shorter Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Carey, Neal, & Collins, 2004). Descriptive statistics revealed generally high scores in social support, self-esteem, and self-regulation. Correlational analysis revealed that higher perceived social support was significantly correlated with better self-regulation, and there were strong positive correlations among the various sources of social support. Interestingly, a small but significant negative correlation was found between self-esteem and family support, suggesting the presence of subtle cultural or contextual factors. Gender comparisons revealed a significant difference only in friend support, with girls reporting greater support from friends; the other variables did not show any significant gender difference. Surzykiewicz, J., Skalski, S. B., Sołbut, A., Rutkowski, S., & Konaszewski, K. (2022). Adolescents who feel stronger inside, value themselves, and feel supported by others are better at managing their emotions. The results underscore the significance of positive relationships, particularly friendships, in promoting self-regulation among adolescents, as well as the intricacy of family dynamics in influencing self-esteem. The findings confirm the necessity of school-based and family-based interventions to enhance social support networks, thereby improving the psychological well-being of adolescents.
Family-Focused Therapy for a Young Adult with Bipolar Affective Disorder and Family Dysfunction: A Case Report
Background: Bipolar disorder involves severe manic episodes affecting patients and families. We report a 25-year-old female with his first manic episode (YMRS = 42), marked by insomnia, grandiosity, aggression, and family conflict. Interventions: Hospitalization with mood stabilizers and antipsychotics provided partial relief (YMRS = 27). Twelve family-focused therapy (FFT) sessions over 7 weeks with the patient, parents, and spouse addressed psychoeducation, communication, and problem-solving. Outcomes: YMRS declined to 5, indicating remission. Family functioning improved on the McMaster Family Assessment Device (e.g., problem solving 2.70→2.16, communication 3.30→2.00). Expressed emotion and Family Attitude Scale scores decreased (55→22), reflecting healthier dynamics. No adverse effects beyond mild sedation occurred. At 6 months, the patient remained stable with sustained family improvements. Conclusion: Combining FFT with pharmacotherapy in acute bipolar mania, especially in family-centered cultures, enhances symptom control, adherence, and long-term outcomes.
Mental Health Literacy, Stigma, and Attitude towards Seeking ‘Help’
When people are aware about various physical and mental health illnesses that can affect their health and well being, they can not only engage themselves in improving their own health but can also play an active role in disseminating trustworthy information in the community, specially in the era of ‘fast forward’ messages on various social media platforms. The concepts of Health Literacy and Mental Health Literacy have been discussed in this paper. Mental health literacy understands mental health problems with right mindset to spot them early, deal with them properly, and even stop them before they start. The concept of mental health literacy encompasses not just information about mental illnesses, but also practical knowledge that empowers meaningful information which can lead to beneficial action for promoting mentally healthy behaviour. This paper is a non-systematic review of publications that have been written about public mental health literacy. Evidences from the literature indicate that public understanding of mental disorders as medical conditions, as well as knowledge of effective, evidence-based treatments, is often limited or inaccurate. In lower-resource contexts, where availability of mental health services is already constrained, poor mental health literacy can make it challenging to treat those in need. This study aims to enhance understanding of the problem through an examination of mental health literacy, stigma and attitudes. This study was conducted to review past-present comprehensive data regarding mental health literacy in India. Treatment hurdles have been discovered which includes stigmatized understanding of mental health illnesses or low mental health literacy. By promoting mental health literacy, we can combat the pervasive discrimination against those seeking mental health services.
Assessment Clarity, Alignment, Fairness, and Feedback as Predictors of the Educational Assessment Effectiveness
Educational assessment system is an important element in the educational context. It plays a critical role in guiding the teaching and learning process. As such, its effectiveness deserves recognition and investigation. This study aimed at investigating the predictors of the overall effectiveness of the educational assessment system as perceived by teachers. Four dimensions of the perceived quality of the educational assessment were considered. These were assessment clarity, alignment, fairness, and feedback. A descriptive correlational research design was conducted. Participants were 321 teachers from public schools in the Sultanate of Oman. A questionnaire was used to assess teachers’ perceptions. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were established. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that the four dimensions collectively explained 80% of the variance in teachers’ perceptions of the overall effectiveness of the educational assessment system. Feedback appeared to be the strongest predictor, followed by alignment, and fairness. The results highlight the key drivers for strengthening the utility, credibility, and validity of the educational assessment system. Implications for educational assessment practices as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.
Teaching and Learning: A Phenomenological Exploration of Tribal Educators’ Work-Study Balance
This study investigates the lived experiences of tribal teachers in Northeast India who balance full-time teaching with academic study while pursuing a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) degree. Adopting a phenomenological approach, seven participants were interviewed through in-depth, semi-structured conversations, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. The findings highlight six themes: dual identity as teacher and student, motivation shaped by both government mandates and intrinsic passion, struggle for balance across professional, academic, and family roles, reliance on support systems, financial and personal sacrifices, and transformative professional growth. While participants faced challenges such as time constraints, stress, health issues, and financial strain, they also reported resilience, increased empathy, and enhanced pedagogical skills. The study underscores the impact of systemic requirements on teachers’ professional development, as well as the value of supportive networks in mitigating difficulties. By situating the narratives within broader social role and spillover theories, this research contributes to understanding how teachers in marginalized contexts navigate competing responsibilities, offering implications for policy, institutional support, and teacher education programs.
Internet Usage Trends among Indian College Students: A Comprehensive Review
The present study reviews existing research on patterns of internet usage among Indian college students, examining a broad range of factors influencing their online behavior. A total of 191 studies were identified, spanning seventeen areas of usage were identified and grouped into four overarching thematic categories: (a) Demographic and background factors (gender differences, academic discipline/stream of study, urban-rural differences in internet use and proficiency, internet experience, and internet users), (b) Access and usage patterns (devices used and internet access, device ownership, location of internet access, frequency of internet access, and time spent on the internet), (c) Purposes and skills (purposes for using the internet, preferred search engines, methods of obtaining/learning internet skills, and level of knowledge and awareness of internet use), and (d) Attitudes, barriers, and satisfaction (internet attitudes, barriers to using the internet, and satisfaction with the internet). The findings across studies remain mixed, reflecting differences in samples, research methodologies, and variables examined. Notably, since 2013, increased availability and affordability of technology has led to increased internet access, higher smartphone adoption, and stronger digital engagement among college students. Overall, the evidence suggests that internet usage behavior among Indian college students is influenced by technological, geographic, and cultural factors.
PERMA as Predictor of Resilience and Life Satisfaction among Transgenders
Transgenders are one of the most socially marginalized groups, facing oppressions, bullying, sexual abuse, denial from biological family, and becoming victims of multiple forms of discrimination. Despite these stressors, many of the transgenders are able to maintain an authentic sense of self, employ effective coping strategies, and show an enhanced capacity of resilience during adverse situations. The present study attempts to understand the factors that predict resilience and life satisfaction among transgenders. A convenient sample of 330 transwomen in the age group 18 to 55 years was recruited from different regions of a midsized city in South India. The participants completed self-report measure of PERMA, negative emotions, health, resilience, and life satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to analyse the data. The results revealed that positive emotion, engagement, meaning, and accomplishment positively predicted resilience while negative emotion negatively predicted resilience. Meaning positivelypredicted life satisfaction.Positive emotions, meaning, engagement and accomplishment appear to be more relevant to positive adaptation among transgenders than relationship. Therefore, these factors can lead to the pathway to resilience among transgenders.Future research should focus on the training programs using PERMA model to promote resilience in transgenders.
The Stress Experience: The Role of Attribution and Self-Efficacy
Stress levels of students in premier engineering institutes in India is now prominent. Harming oneself, owing to the inability to deal with academic stress, is in the news frequently. The objective of the study was to understand the impact of attribution and self-efficacy on stress of undergraduate engineering students in India. Attribution and self-efficacy are two important areas of research in psychology with far reaching roots. Responses from 604 students across undergraduate years were compared to get an insight into the factors affecting their stress levels. Academic self-efficacy was found to be important for the older students. A developmental perspective emerged as an overarching theme.
Perceived Stress among Diabetic and Non-diabetic Adults
Psychologists and medical professionals have realized that psychological factors affect all aspects of physical well-being. Diabetes, in particular type-2 diabetes, is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and the management of this disease is important because it affects the lives of 200 million people. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of diabetes and gender on the status of perceived stress. The study involves quantitative analysis. In the present study, 120 participants were selected purposively from Odisha, India. The study adopts a 2(diabetics versus non-diabetics) × 2 (adult males versus adult females) factorial design. The participants of these four quasi-experimental groups were compared to the dependent measure (perceived stress). 60 diabetics (30 males and 30 females) and 60 non-diabetics (30 males and 30 females) were given the perceived stress measures and the scores were interpreted accordingly. Then the results were analysed and interpreted by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Diabetic participants reported as much magnitude of perceived stress as do non-diabetic participants. Further, the influence of gender was also found to be significant.
Projective Imagery, Relationship Profile and Narcissism among Incarcerated Individuals: A Comparative Psychosocial Exploration
The present research endeavor aims to have a clear picture of the psychosocial profiles of incarcerated individuals by comparing with a comparative group of non-convicts. Assessment of the perception of personal, social and ideal selves was done by means of artistic expression (through drawings), as a therapeutic modality. Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin and Terry, 1988) to assess narcissism, as a precursor to commit crime, and Relationship Profile Test (Bornstein et al., 2003), to assess relationship bonding pattern in general, were also administered to a group of 96 inmates, undergoing long-term correctional services (52 males and 44 females) and 76 non-convicts (39 males and 37 females), based on purposive sampling. Results reflected significant group differences. Incarcerated individuals have comparatively higher scores in some traits when their art was interpreted, namely, they feel less sociallyaccepted in personal self; are manipulative, harmful with high need for social-acceptance as regards social self, and have higher need to escape from the burdens of life in ideal self, compared to their matched cohorts without having any criminal records. They also have significantly higher scores in destructive over-dependence dimension of relationship profile and authority dimension of narcissism compared to their matched controls. Non-convicts have comparatively higher scores in confidence and independence as regards ideal self in comparison to incarcerated partners. They also have significantly higher scores in dysfunctional detachment dimension of relationship profile & superiority, exhibitionism and vanity dimensions of narcissism compared to their incarcerated members. This study is of much significance in understanding the personality profiles and emotional void of incarcerated individuals. Its findings are likely to help in designing more effective therapeutic programmes, as a part of their correctional services.
Standardizationof Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale
The research paper attempts to unfold the reliability of Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale (Bhatnagar, Singh, Pandey, Sandhya, & Amitabh, 2011).Internal consistency as measured by Cronbach Alpha and Spearman Brown coefficient is .81 and .89 respectively for the total scale. Besides, convergent validity of Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale (ADSS) (Bhatnagar, et.al., 2011) with Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) (Lovibond &Lovibond, 1995) was also seen. Obtained Correlations between the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale total scale score and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale total scale score was 0.57 (p<0.01). The internal consistency,as well as, convergent validity between ADSS and DASS scales of anxiety, depression and stress have been also given along with the factors underlying ADSS.
Influence of Personality and Sex-role Identification on the Menstrual Distress among Women
The expansion of knowledge about menstrual cycle asserts that psychological attributes play an important mediating role in menstrual disturbances gaining noteworthy attention in the health care sector. The purpose of this study was to highlight the effect personality and sexrole identification has on menstrual distress using a cross-sectional research design. The study participants were 100 women in the age range of 18 to 40 years who were administered Menstrual Distress Questionaire, Eysenck Personality Questionaire and Bem’s Sex-role Inventory.Results found significant differences in menstrual distress with regards to education, occupation and cycle length. Asignificant moderate positive correlation was seen between menstrual distress and personality dimensions of psychoticism (p< 0.01) and neuroticism (p < 0.01). Femininity showed significant inverse relationship (p < 0.05) whereas masculinity showed a positive relationship with the menstrual distress.The results signify the need for intervention strategies focusing more onindividualized education programs, counselling, and coping strategies considering the association of personality and gender roles on menstrual distress as opposed to adhering only to the medical models of treatment.
Are there any Changes in Indian Dental Practice Dueto COVID-19? An Exploratory Study
This study focuses to explore the COVID-19 led changes in the practice patterns among the dentists in India. For this purpose, 87 dentists were selected in a survey where they responded to a questionnaire enquiring about the different aspects of their present practice patterns. The questionnaire devised to fulfill the objectives, was psychometrically validated. Based on the responses made by the dentists, it was found that personal fear of getting the infection and further infecting their respective family members was prevalent. The use of N-95 masks have been largely been increased in present times. There has been proper sanitization of self and the chamber.They also reported the use of plasma air purifiers in their chambers. As a preventive method, the dentists are vigilant about the possible symptoms of COVID among the patients. The number of patients consulted has been reduced in the recent times. They also reported the willingness of starting online consultation of patients. The other findings have been discussed.
Understanding Parent’s Stress in Relation to the Psychological Problems Faced by Children Amidst the Global Lockdown Due to COVID-19
The research aims to explore the parent’s stress in relationship to psychology problems faced by children due to global lockdown due to the COVID-19. Parents of children aged between three to fifteen years old completed an online survey. They reported their home environment condition, and difficulties experience due to lockdown and the children’s emotional and behavior issues. Results shows that the lockdown undermine both parents and children well-being. It impacts children behavior and emotional problems affecting parents’ wellbeing. Parents had reported more difficulties during lockdown and are stressed due tot this condition. This results into increase of children’s problems. Current research is important to understand where families stand now so that further research can be designed accordingly.
Mentally Retarded Children: Factors, Diagnosis, Educational Adaptation and Prevention
Mental Retardation is a developmental disability that first appears in children under the age of 18. Mental retardation means significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period that adversely affects a child's educational performance. The term retarded is slowly being replaced by new words like special or challenged. The term developmental delay is popular among caretakers and parents of individuals with mental retardation. Children who have a condition of incomplete or less than normal mental developmental so that they are unable to adjust to day to day living in a normally efficient, useful, productive and harmonious manner are called mentally retarded. They are, hence, in constant need or care, protection, supervision and help. Mental retardation is a serious disability. It creates a lot of learning problems before mentally retarded children. These learning problems create obstacle in other areas of life as well. Thus, total life activities are affected by mental retardation. As part and parcel of the society, every possible step should be taken to relieve mentally retarded children from the bad effects of mental retardation. The present study is an attempt to find out the right paths of the obstacles in the areas of lives of mentally retarded children.
Study of Emotional Intelligence andAdjustment among Students
Emotional intelligence and adjustment have emerged important variables in psychological research. Studies revealed that the both variables are highly correlated to each other. In every area of life, we need healthy adjustment and high level of emotional intelligence. The present study was conducted with the purpose to find out the study between emotional intelligence and adjustment among students. The study was conducted on a sample of 80 students. The collected data was analyzed with the help of mean, SD,‘t’, and correlation. The result of the present study showed that high correlation between emotional intelligence and adjustment among students. Further result revealed that here is significant difference between male and female in term of emotional intelligence and adjustment.
Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Achievement Goal Orientation among Secondary School Students.
This present study is designed to examine the correlation between self-efficacy and achievement goal orientation on demographic variables as gender, age, mode of instruction, medium of school. Motivational researchers have recognized two noteworthy goal orientations. A sample of 100 school students (equal number of male and female) selected on a convenience sampling basis from Visakhapatnam participated in the present study. Measures of achievement goal orientation and self-efficacy scales were administered to all of them. Data were analyzed using t-test and correlation. Results revealed that English medium secondary students had higher achievement goal orientation, mastery goal orientation, and performance approach than the Telugu medium students. It was also found that performance-avoidance was low in English medium students compared with Telugu medium. It is concluded that Telugu medium students have high-performance avoidance than English medium students.