Exploring the Role of Psychosocial Correlates in Mental Toughness Among Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Mental toughness is a critical psychological quality, especially for para-athletes, who face distinct challenges such as social perceptions, physical obstacles, and limited resources. Despite a substantial body of research on various aspects of para-sport, little attention has been given to the psychological factors that hinder or support their performance and well-being. This review aims to examine the psychosocial aspects influencing mental toughness in para-athletes. Data from ResearchGate, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed, identifying 13 relevant studies. The findings highlight that psychosocial correlates, such as burnout, coaching style, and societal perceptions, significantly impact mental toughness and overall well-being in para-athletes. The review also reveals several gaps in the literature, particularly in exploring these factors in greater depth, especially concerning non-elite para-athletes, cross-cultural comparisons, and the limited use of mixed-methods approaches. Future research should address these gaps, focusing on the role of burnout, coaching styles, societal perceptions, and the effects of empowerment and social inclusion on para-athletes' mental toughness.